Thursday, April 28, 2011

ოსკარ შინდლერი





ახალი პოლიგრაფიული სერიალის შესახებ უკვე ვისაუბრე - "100 ადამიანი, რომელთაც შეცვალეს მსოფლიო" კარგი დასაწყისი აქვს : ფრანკო, განდი, ჩერჩილი.

მინდა რომ მათში ერთი ოსკარ შინდლერიც ერიოს.

ოსკარ შინდლერმა მსოფლიო შეცვალა. მაგრამ არა მეორე მსოფლიო ომის დროს, არც მას შემდეგ, არამედ 1993-ში, სიკვდილიდან 21 წლის შემდეგ, როცა მსოფლიომ სპილბერგის "შინდლერის სია" იხილა.

ამ ფილმს დღევანდელი და მომავალი მსოფლიოს მილიარდობით მაცხოვრებელი ერთხელ მაინც ნახავს ცხოვრებაში და... გახდება უფრო ვაჟკაცი ვიდრე არის, უფრო კაცთმოყვარე ვიდრე არის, უფრო ჭკვიანი ვიდრე არის.

ანუ, ცოტათი უფრო მეტად ოსკარ შინდლერი, ვიდრე იყო ამ ფილმის ნახვამდე.


ცხოვრებაში კი, ოსკარ შინდლერს თავისი გმირობა მხოლოდ იმით დაუფასდა, რომ თან ახლდა ბარათი, რომელიც მას "ფაშისტური წარსულისათვის" დაპატიმრებისგან იცავდა.

ომის შემდეგ ბუნებით მეწარმე, წარმატებას ეძებდა ავსტრიაში, არგენტინაში, ისევ გერმანიაში. ოსკარ შინდლერი პატარა გერმანულ ქალაქში მრავალჯერ გაბანკროტებული, ღარიბი მოკვდა.
არ იცოდა, რომ მის პიროვნებას მსოფლიო აღიარება და კინოსახარების გმირობა, შედეგად კი მსოფლიოზე გავლენა ელოდა.




ეს მისი საფლავია იერუსალიმში, სადაც მისივე ანდერძის თანახმად განისვენებს.
ანუ... აღიარების გარეშე ყოფნის მიუხედავად, თვითონ იცოდა, რომ მნიშვნელოვანი იყო.
მაგრამ არ იცოდა რამდენად.


After the war

Schindler and his wife fled to Austria's U.S. zone, escaping prosecution by dressing in prison clothes and carrying a letter testifying to their heroic actions. By the end of the war Schindler had spent his entire fortune on bribes and black-market purchases of supplies for his workers. Virtually destitute, he moved briefly to Regensburg and later Munich, but did not prosper in postwar Germany. In fact, he was reduced to receiving assistance from Jewish organizations. Eventually, Schindler emigrated to Argentina in 1948, where he went bankrupt. He left his wife Emilie in 1957 and returned to Germany in 1958, where he had a series of unsuccessful business ventures. Schindler settled down in a small apartment at Am Hauptbahnhof Nr. 4 in Frankfurt am Main, West Germany and tried again – with help from a Jewish organization – to establish a cement factory. This, too, went bankrupt in 1961. His business partners cancelled their partnership. In 1968 he began receiving a small pension from the West German government.


Commemorative plaque at Goettingstrasse 30, Hildesheim

In 1971, Schindler moved to live with friends at Goettingstrasse Nr. 30 in Hildesheim. Due to a heart complaint he was taken to the Saint Bernward Hospital in Hildesheim on 12 September 1974, where he died on 9 October 1974, at the age of 66. At the time of his death, he was surrounded by friends and family. He died penniless;the costs for his stay in the hospital were paid from social welfare of the city of Hildesheim.


Schindler's grave

Schindler wanted to be buried in Jerusalem, as he said, "My children are here". After a Requiem Mass, Schindler was buried at the Catholic Franciscans' cemetery on Mount Zion, the only member of the Nazi Party to be honoured in this way. A sign at the entrance to the cemetery directs visitors "To Oskar Schindler's Grave".


Side view of Schindler's grave, piled with small stones left by Jewish visitors

Schindler's grave is located on the mountainside below Zion Gate and the Old City walls. Stones placed on top of the grave are a sign of gratitude from Jewish visitors, according to Jewish tradition, although Schindler himself was not Jewish. On his grave, the Hebrew inscription reads: "Righteous among the Nations", an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis. The German inscription reads: "The Unforgettable Lifesaver of 1200 Persecuted Jews".

No one knows what Schindler's motives were. He was quoted as saying "I knew the people who worked for me... When you know people, you have to behave towards them like human beings."

The writer Herbert Steinhouse, who interviewed Schindler in 1948 at the behest of some of the surviving Schindlerjuden (Schindler's Jews), wrote:

"Oskar Schindler's exceptional deeds stemmed from just that elementary sense of decency and humanity that our sophisticated age seldom sincerely believes in. A repentant opportunist saw the light and rebelled against the sadism and vile criminality all around him. The inference may be disappointingly simple, especially for all amateur psychoanalysts who would prefer the deeper and more mysterious motive that may, it is true, still lie unprobed and unappreciated. But an hour with Oskar Schindler encourages belief in the simple answer."

ის ვერ წარმოიდგენდა, რომ მისი სახელი ამქვეყნად მისთვის უცნობი ორი ადამიანის ხელში მოხვდებოდა: ტომას კენელი მასზე წიგნს დაწერდა, ხოლო სტივენ სპილბერგი ფილმს გადაიღებდა.

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